* {
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0px;
    text-decoration: none;
    list-style: none;
    box-sizing: border-box;
    font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
  }
  

  /*Desktop View*/
  @media screen and (min-width: 501px){
      
      
      /*Ham Menu Classes*/
  
  #menuToggle {
    display: block;
  }
  #menuIcon {
    display:inline;
    margin-left: 4vw;
    margin-right: 2.5vw;
    cursor: pointer;
    height: 10vw;
    font-size: 2vw;
    font-weight: bold;
    padding: 0px;
    background-color: #082F53;
    color: #fff;
  }
  
  #menuIcon::before {
    content: "MENU";
    font-weight: normal;
    height: 2vw;
    font-size: 1.3vw;
  }
  
  #menu {
    display: none;
    position: absolute;
    top: 28px;
    font-size: 1vw;
    left: 25%;
    width: 100%;
    background-color: #082F53;
    z-index: 1;
  }
  
  .menuItem {
    padding: 15px;
    color: #fff;
    text-decoration: none;
    display: block;
  }
  
  .menuItem:hover {
    background-color: #082F53;
  }
  
  .submenu {
    padding-left: 25px;
    display: none;
    background-color: #082F53;
  }
  
  .submenuItem {
    padding: 10px;
    color: #fff;
    text-decoration: none;
    display: block;
  }
  
  .submenuItem:hover {
    background-color: #666;
  }
  
    .logo-header {
      padding: 0.5%;
      background: #57b7e3;
      position: fixed;
      top: 0;
      left: 0%;
      right: 0%;
      z-index: 10;
    }
  
    /* styling for 3 logos on the header for regular webpage*/
    .cambridge-logo {
      margin-top: 0%;
      width: 18%;
      display: flex;
    }
  
    .sdsu-logo {
      margin-left: auto;
      margin-right: auto;
      width: 18%;
      display: flex;
    }
  
    .scripps-logo {
      margin-top: -4%;
      margin-right: 5%;
      width: 14%;
      display: flex;
    }
  
    .navbar-spacing {
      /*rgb(56, 103, 148) This was the color used previously */
      background: rgb(8, 47, 83);
      position: fixed;
      margin-top: 4.6%;
      padding-top: 0.5%;
      padding-bottom: 0.5%;
      z-index: 8;
      left: 0%;
      right: 0%;
    }
  
    .navbuttonsgrouped {
      margin-left: 6.5%;
    }
  
    .navbutton {
      font-size: 1.5vw;
      color: white;
      background: rgb(8, 47, 83);  
      text-align: center;
      padding-top: 0.5%;
      padding-bottom: 0.6%;
      padding-right: 4%;
      padding-left: 4%;
      z-index: 6;
  
    }
  
    .navbuttonsgrouped li { /* all list items... */
      display: inline; /* set the list items left-to-right */
      position: relative;
      z-index: 5;
  
    }
  
    .navbar ul ul { /* lists within lists... */
      position: absolute; /* place them over the top of everything */
      margin-top: auto;
      left: 8%; /* align them to the left of the parent list item  - necessary for some older browsers */
      top: 125%; /* align them to the bottom of the parent list item - again only necessary for older browsers */
      display: none; /* hide 'em */
      z-index: 5;
    }
  
    .navbuttonsgrouped li:hover ul { /* when list items are hovered over, do this to lists contained within them... */
      display: block; /* show submenu */
      background: rgb(8, 47, 83);
  
    }
  
    .subbutton{
      display: block;
      color: white;
      text-decoration: none;
      font-size: 1.2vw;
      padding-top: 5%;
      padding-bottom: 5%;
      padding-right: 3%;
      padding-left: 3%;
      width: 100%;
      height: 100%;
      border: 1px solid rgb(8, 47, 83);
    }
  
    .subbutton:hover {
      color: black;
      background: white;
    }
  
    .body-info {
      padding-top: 8%;
      padding-bottom: 1%;
    }
  
    .events{
      position: flex;
      font-size: 1.2vw;
      box-sizing: border-box;
      margin-top: 1%;
      margin-bottom: 2%;
      margin-right: 5%;
      margin-left: 5%;
    }
  
    .BookCover {
      width: 25%;
      margin-left: 10%;
    }
  
    .BookComments {
      font-size: 1.2vw;
      list-style-type: disc;
      padding-top: 1%;
      padding-left: 40%;
      margin-right: 5%;
    }
  
    .citation {
  
      font-size: 1.2vw;
      list-style-type: disc;
      padding-top: 3%;
      padding-left: 40%;
      margin-right: 5%;
    }
  
    .about-authors-title {
      margin-top: 3%;
      margin-right: 5%;
      margin-left: 10%;
      font-size: 5vw;
      box-sizing: border-box;
  
    }
  
    .column {
      float: left;
      width: 50%;
      padding: 1%;
    }
  
    .Samuel {
     margin-left: 10%;
      width: 25%;
      padding-bottom: 1%;
    }
  
  
    .Samuel-text {
      font-size: 1.2vw;
      list-style-type: disc;
      padding-top: 1%;
      padding-left: 40%;
      margin-right: 5%;
    }
  
    .hamnav{
      display: none;
    }
  
    /*Formatting for preface*/
    .preface{
      position: flex;
      font-size: 1.2vw;
      padding-top: 9%;
      margin-bottom: 2%;
      margin-right: 5%;
      margin-left: 5%;
    }
  
    .prefaceh{
      margin: 1%;
    }
  
    /*Formatting for chapter contents*/
    
    .toc{
      padding-top: 5%;
      font-size: 1.2vw;
      margin-left: 15%;
    }
  
    .toc h3{
      margin-bottom: 2%;
    }
  
    .toctitle{
      margin-left: -15%;
    }
  
    .toc_list{
      margin-left: 3%;
      margin-bottom: 2%;
    }
    .toc_list ul {
      margin-left: 3%;
    }
  
    /*Formatting chapter introductions*/
    .chapterIntroductions{
      padding-top: 9%;
      position: flex;
      font-size: 1.2vw;
      margin-bottom: 2%;
      margin-right: 5%;
      margin-left: 5%;
    }
  
    /*Format for sample syllabi*/
    #sampleSyllabi{
      padding-top: -500%;
    }
  
    .syllabiinfo{
      margin-top: 0%;
      text-align: center;
    }
  
    /*Rcodes*/
  
    #Rcodes {
      padding-top: 5%;
      position: flex;
      font-size: 1.2vw;
      margin-right: 5%;
      margin-left: 5%;
    }
  
    .Rcodestitle{
      margin-bottom: 3%;
    }
  
    /*Python codes*/
    #pythoncodes {
      padding-top: 7%;
    }
  
    .pythoncodestitle{
      margin-bottom: 3%;
    }
  
    /*Datasets*/
    #datasetspage {
      padding-top: 7%;
    }
  
    .datasetstitle{
      margin-bottom: 3%;
    }
  
    /*Figures and slides*/
    #figuresandslides{
      padding-top: 7%;
    }
  
    .figuretitle{
      margin-bottom: 3%;
    }
  
    /*Solutions*/
    #solutions{
      padding-top: 7%;
    }
  
    /*Additional Excercises*/
    #additionalexcercises{
      padding-top: 7%;
    }
  
    .additionalexcercisestitle{
      margin-bottom: 3%;
    }
  
    /*Resources*/
    #resourcespage{
      padding-top: 7%;
    }
  
    .resourcestitle{
      margin-bottom: 3%;
    }
  
    .resource1{
      width: 50%;
      margin: 1% 25%;;
    }
  
    .resource2{
      width: 50%;
      margin: 1% 25%;;
    }
  
    /*Errata*/
    #errata{
      padding-top: 7%;
    }
  
    /*News*/
    #newspage{
      padding-top: 10%;
    }
  
    .newspagetitle{
      text-align: center;
    }
  
    .news{
      margin: 2% 5%;
      font-size: 1.2vw;
    }
  
    .newselementdate{
      display: inline-flex;
      margin-top: 1.5%;
    }
  
    .newselementcontent{
      display: inline-block;
      margin-left: 1%;
    }
  
    /*Feedback*/
    .center_layout{
      padding-top: 9%;
      text-align: center;
    }
  
    .feedbacktitle{
      margin-bottom: 2%;
    }
  
    .foreword{
      padding-top: 9%;
      margin-right: 5%;
      margin-left: 5%;
    }
    .copyright{
      margin-right: 5%;
      margin-left: 5%;
      padding-bottom: 1% ;
    }
  
    /*Footer format*/
    .syllabi .footer{
      position: fixed;
      bottom: 0;
      width: 100%;
      text-align: left;
    }
      .mobileNavbar {
          display: none;
      }
     
  }
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  /*Mobile view*/
  @media screen and (max-width: 768px){
    * {
      font-size: 3.8vw;
    }
     /*TEST*/ 
  .mobileNavbar {
      height: 15vw;
      background-color: #082F53;
      white-space: nowrap;
  }
      .mobile {
          font-size: 2vw;
      }
  
  #menuIcon2 {
      display: inline;
      cursor: pointer;
      font-size: 10vw;
      font-weight: bold;
      padding: 0px;
      background-color: #082F53;
      color: #fff;
      float: right;
      margin-right: 5vw;
      white-space: nowrap;
  }
  
  .dropdown-content {
      font-size: 1vw;
      display: none;
      position: absolute;
      right: 0;
      background-color: #082F53;
      min-width: 160px;
      z-index: 1;
  }
  
  .dropdown-content a {
      color: #fff;
      padding: 8px 16px;
      text-decoration: none;
      display: block;
  }
  
  .dropdown-content a:hover {
      background-color: #ddd;
  }
  
  .show {
      display: block;
  }
     /*TEST*/ 
  
      
    .logo-header{
      display:none;
    }
  
    body {
      padding-top: 0%;
    }
  
    .scripps-logo{
      display: none;
    }
  
    .sdsu-logo{
      display: none;
    }
  
    .cambridge-logo{
      display:none;
    }
  
    .icon {
      display: block;
      color: black;
      cursor: pointer;
      z-index: 10;
      top: 0;
      right: 0;
      float: right;
      margin-top: 7.5%;
      margin-right: 7%;
      position: fixed;
    }
    
  
    .hamnav a{
      text-decoration: none;
    }
  
    .fa.fa-bars{
      font-size: 24px;
    }
  
    #mobile-menu{
      position: fixed;
      width: 100%;
      margin-left: 20%;
      height: 100%;
      top: auto;
      left: 80%;
      margin-top: -2.5%;
      padding-bottom: 100%;
      text-align: center;
      transition: all .5s;
      background: rgb(8, 47, 83);
      overflow-y: auto;
  
  
    }
  
    #mainbutton, .non-collapse a {
      top: auto;
      color: white;
      font-size: 1.1rem;
      padding: 5%;
      border-radius: 5%;
      width: 100%;
      text-transform: uppercase;
    }
  
    .subbutton {
      text-align: left;
      font-size: 1rem;
      color: white;
      padding: 6%;
      border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(8, 47, 83);
    }
  
    #mobile-menu a{
      display: flex;
    }
  
    .content {
      max-height: 0em;
      overflow: hidden;
      z-index: 8;
    }
    
    .collapse:target .content {
      max-height: 100em;
      background: #57b7e3;
    }
  
    .navbar-spacing{
      display: none;
    }
  
    .events{
      position: flex;
      font-size: 1.2em;
      box-sizing: border-box;
      margin-top: 2%;
      margin-bottom: 2%;
      margin-right: 5%;
      margin-left: 5%;
    }
  
    .BookCover{
      display: block;
      width: 70%;
      margin-left: 15%;
      margin-right: 15%;
      margin-bottom: 2%;
    }
  
    .BookComments{
      margin: 3%
    }
  
    .citation{
      margin: 3%;
    }
  
  
    .Samuel{
      width: 60%;
      margin: 3% 20%;
    }
  
    .Samuel-text{
      margin: 3%;
    }
  
  
    /*Formatting for preface*/
    .preface{
      padding-top: 9%;
      
      margin-bottom: 2%;
      margin-right: 3%;
      margin-left: 3%;
    }
  
    .prefaceimg{
      width: 80%;
    }
  
    .prefaceh{
      font-size: 1.5em;
      margin-bottom: 3%;
    }
  
    /*Formatting for chapter contents*/
    
    .toc{
      padding-top: 5%;
      font-size: 1.2em;
      margin-left: 3%;
    }
  
    .toc h3{
      margin-bottom: 2%;
    }
  
    .toctitle{
      font-size: 1.5em;
      margin-top: -15%;
      margin-left: -3%;
    }
  
    .toc_list{
      margin-left: 5%;
      margin-bottom: 2%;
    }
    .toc_list ul {
      margin-left: 5%;
    }
  
    /*Chapter introductions format*/
    .chapterIntroductions{
      margin-bottom: 2%;
      margin-right: 3%;
      margin-left: 3%;
    }
  
    /*Format for sample syllabi*/
    #sampleSyllabi{
      margin-top: -8%;
    }
  
    .syllabiinfo{
      margin-top: 1%;
      text-align: center;
    }
  
    /*Rcodes*/
    #Rcodes {
      padding-top: 1%;
    }
  
    .Rcodestitle{
      margin-bottom: 3%;
    }
  
    /*Python codes*/
    #pythoncodes {
      padding-top: 18%;
    }
  
    .pythoncodestitle{
      margin-bottom: 3%;
    }
  
    /*Datasets*/
    #datasetspage {
      padding-top: 18%;
    }
  
    .datasetstitle{
      margin-bottom: 3%;
    }
    /*Figure and sldies*/
    #figuresandslides{
      padding-top: 18%;
    }
  
    .figuretitle{
      margin-bottom: 3%;
    }
    /*Solutions*/
    #solutions{
      padding-top: 18%;
    }
  
    /*Additional Excercises*/
    #additionalexcercises{
      padding-top: 18%;
    }
  
    .additionalexcercisestitle{
      margin-bottom: 3%;
    }
  
    /*Resources*/
    #resourcespage{
      padding-top: 0%;
    }
  
    .resourcestitle{
      margin-bottom: 3%;
    }
  
    .resource1{
      width: 90%;
      margin: 1% 5%;
    }
  
    .resource2{
      width: 90%;
      margin: 1% 5%;
    }
  
    /*Errata*/
    #errata{
      padding-top: 18%;
      text-align: center;
    }
  
    /*News*/
    #newspage{
      padding-top: 25%;
    }
  
    .newspagetitle{
      text-align: center;
    }
  
    .news{
      margin: 2% 5%;
      font-size: 1.2vw;
    }
    .newselementdate{
      display: inline-flex;
      margin-top: 1.5%;
    }
  
    .newselementcontent{
      display: inline-block;
      margin-left: 1%;
    }
  
    /*Feedback*/
    .center_layout{
      text-align: center;
    }
  
    .feedbacktitle{
      margin-top: 25%;
      margin-bottom: 2%;
    }
  
    /*Footer format*/
    .syllabi .footer{
      position: fixed;
      bottom: 0;
      width: 100%;
      text-align: left;
      z-index: -1;
    }
     
  }